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Echocardiography 5 minutes before starting
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Cardiac function and PA pressure |
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—Echocardiographic examinations |
—Cardiac function and PA pressure![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
—Examples of pathological![]() |
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Longitudinal ventricular function | ||||||
Leonardo da Vinci described as early as 1478, that contracting hearts showed a movement from the base to the apex
during each cardiac systole. Ventricular torsion was first described by William Harvey in 1628. Recently, a new
dissection technique developed by
Francisco Torrent Guasp
and published in 1980, could show the complexity of myocardial architecture, explaining all types of
cardiac movement during the heart function.
Quantitative assessment of longitudinal venticular function |
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Left:
MAPSE is assessed with M-mode in apical four-chamber view, placing the examination beam on the lateral
mitral annulus. |
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Left:
pulsed TDI sample volume is placed on the lateral mitral annulus to assess systolic velocities.
Possible oscillation due to respiration, as well as by MAPSE, should also be avoided here. |
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Left:
a counterclockwise rotation of the apex and a clockwise rotation of the base can be determined in normal physiology.
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